As the capital of China's Shaanxi Province, Xi'an's long history was aptly summed up by our English-speaking guide: "If Xi'an is the grandmother of cities, Beijing is a youth and Shanghai is just a baby in the womb." The first of China's four great ancient capitals, Xi'an's hoary past has laid claim to 10 ancient dynasties, the most famous being the Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, during which the city was a booming metropolis as important as Rome. After the decline of Tang power, China's capital shifted east to Luoyang in 904, and though Xi'an continued to be the eastern limit of the Silk Route, the city never regained its political and cultural significance. Incongruously, the ancient City Wall wraps itself seamlessly around the metropolis, one of the largest ancient military defensive systems in the world.
Source: BBC
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